{"id":5790,"date":"2018-12-28T11:51:51","date_gmt":"2018-12-28T09:51:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/?p=5790"},"modified":"2019-01-17T16:20:44","modified_gmt":"2019-01-17T14:20:44","slug":"berri-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2018\/12\/28\/berri-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Charbel Nahas : Lebanon is in a pre-crisis phase"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4qhcvh-39b5c39c192e9822cc2af8d23396cadb\">\n.flex_column.av-4qhcvh-39b5c39c192e9822cc2af8d23396cadb{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-4qhcvh-39b5c39c192e9822cc2af8d23396cadb av_three_fourth  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-jo02aj9o-c747e19ade06532efadb9eaf2e11a914 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"topTitle\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Charbel Nahas : Lebanon is in a pre-crisis phase<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='hr av-36ctod-04a0923b74485b06d58a63d634bda0b4 hr-default  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jpa4dlb3-7f844daeec652e2e27d9eba858697598 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Inteview Published by le Commerce du Levant and conducted by Sahar Al Attar available on the link below:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lecommercedulevant.com\/article\/28809-charbel-nahas-lebanon-is-in-a-pre-crisis-phase\">https:\/\/www.lecommercedulevant.com\/article\/28809-charbel-nahas-lebanon-is-in-a-pre-crisis-phase<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">We would like to thank le Commerce du Levant for allowing us to republish its content.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>The &#8220;Citizens Within a State&#8221; movement is one of a few political groups focusing on economics. \u00a0Its leader, economist and former minister Charbel Nahas, warns that Lebanon is heading towards an impending crisis and calls for a process of voluntary correction before it is too late.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5804\" src=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Screen-Shot-2019-01-02-at-6.44.07-PM-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"930\" height=\"618\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Screen-Shot-2019-01-02-at-6.44.07-PM-copy.jpg 930w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Screen-Shot-2019-01-02-at-6.44.07-PM-copy-600x399.jpg 600w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Screen-Shot-2019-01-02-at-6.44.07-PM-copy-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Screen-Shot-2019-01-02-at-6.44.07-PM-copy-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Screen-Shot-2019-01-02-at-6.44.07-PM-copy-705x468.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Last October, your movement called on banks, community leaders and foreign states interested in Lebanon to take their responsibilities to avoid an uncontrolled crisis. What prompted this move?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">We believe that Lebanon has entered a pre-crisis phase and that the current political system can neither avoid it nor face it. We could have remained silent or simply called on leaders to take responsibility for the whole situation. But we fear that an uncontrolled crisis will have a devastating effect on the country.<\/p>\n<p>A crisis is not the end of the world, but the social and security consequences are not the same if it is managed or not. We are also worried about what the outcome will be. A decline in asset values and a weakening of social structures could create a new wave of speculation and strengthen political clientelism.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Our sense of responsibilities led us to propose a financial, economic and social correction plan based on a fair distribution of risks and losses, and a strong and secular state political project.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>You have met with Lebanon\u2019s Central Bank\u2019s governor (Banque du Liban, or BDL), Riad Salameh, the Association of Banks of lebanon and the head of Parliament, Nabih Berri. How was your initiative perceived?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Our diagnosis is clearly shared by the BDL, banks and a number of external actors. The lack of reaction from most community leaders, however, is quite worrying.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>What are the signs of an impending crisis, according to you?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">It is necessary to link some signs that have appeared in the past few months. A first one would be the suspension of housing loans subsidized by the BDL. These loans were not part of a housing policy. Their main purpose was to maintain a high level of property value to attract foreign currency and support bank loans backed by these assets.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">But since the Lebanese economy is not competitive, -producing almost nothing and importing everything-, the loans in national currency induce a currency outflow. Putting a halt to these loans, despite the solvency risks for the banks, proves the urgency to contain the demand on the dollar.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">The capping of bank loans in Lebanese pounds has the same objective.<br \/>\nOther negative signals include the decline in eurobonds value, which required the BDL to intervene quickly; the aggressive attitude of banks, who sharply increased their rates to stabilize deposits and extend their maturity; and, finally, the delays in state payments to the National Social Security Fund (NSSF).<br \/>\nThis lead us to say that we are already in a crisis dynamic.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Following an agreement between the Minister of Finance and the Governor of the BDL, the government recently announced that it will now go into debt at market rates. Is this an additional sign of how serious the situation is?<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Until now, it was the BDL that financed the state at a lower rate than the one at which it paid the banks&#8217; deposits. The losses suffered meant monetary creation, which in turn fueled demand for dollars. This agreement will, in the short term, allow the Treasury to pay civil servant wages by going directly into debt with banks at higher rates.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">This will make the interest burden heavier for the government, but the stock of debt is such that the change in short-term maturities has been considered to be relatively minor compared to the need to curb foreign exchange outflows.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Do these measures save time?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Household and corporate debt now exceeds 100% of the GDP. The public debt, added to the BDL\u2019s net debt, represents about 220% of the GDP.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">With an average interest rate of 10%, the service of both private and public debt alone accounts for one third of the GDP.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">If we add the levies (taxes and social charges), which represent 20%of the GDP, and the cost induced by the failures of public services such as electricity, water or education, estimated at between 5 and 10%of the GDP, this represents two thirds of residents&#8217; incomes.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">This burden is unbearable as we can see by the increasing of emigration, layoffs and bankruptcy filings. This is the price to pay to maintain the current situation. Saving time is not a goal in itself. A clear and fair reallocation of losses is necessary.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">But we must have the ability to make the diagnosis and the political courage to achieve it. Hiding the losses by worsening them is totally irresponsible.<br \/>\nThe main issue is the structural deficit of our current account, which represents between 20 and 25% of the GDP. The fact that the country has been able to maintain itself in this situation for so long is a miracle, but not necessarily a positive one since the price to make things better is only heavier today.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Is the crisis inevitable?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The probability of a crisis occurring is extremely high. We can\u2019t predict it mathematically, but the developments we see everyday seem to point in that direction.<\/p>\n<p>Because history tends to repeat itself, people fear a devaluation of the Lebanese pound, but the crisis could actually come in different forms.<\/p>\n<p>Since the last crisis in 1992, things have changed a lot. At the time, the Lebanese government was only indebted in Lebanese pounds, banks were not exposed to sovereign risk in foreign currency.<\/p>\n<p>The size of the liabilities, which can be measured by the weight of the deposits in relation to the domestic income, was much smaller. Households were less indebted, consumer loans were practically non-existent. Today, the crisis could be prompted by an economic slowdown affecting the private sector\u2019s ability to repay its debts, which, by a snowball effect could cause a bank solvency crisis.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Should a devaluation of the Lebanese pound be expected?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">If we don\u2019t do anything about it, the crisis can start on one front before affecting others. But if we act now, with political courage, there are many ways to go around it.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">The country still has a significant amount of foreign currency reserves \u2013 $35 to $40 billion in foreign assets that would allow us to anticipate or at least ride through the crisis. But if they are wasted under the pretext of saving time, as it is the case today, it is the whole society that would become the adjustment variable.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Could an improvement in the political situation in Lebanon or in the region save the day?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">In the past, two favorable conjunction of planets, if I can say, allowed the vicious circle we are witnessing today to go on.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">The first time was in 2002, right before the invasion of Iraq, when the French, Saudi and Syrian interests coincided and allowed Paris II to take place.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">The second phase lasted from 2005 until 2011. The rise in oil prices led to a massive influx of capital that had phenomenal effects on the domestic scene, such as the multiplication by five or six of land and real estate prices as well as the swelling of bank balance sheets.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Does it mean we can bet on a similar phenomenon today? I don\u2019t think so. The Gulf countries themselves are in a delicate financial situation, and Syria is still torn between regional and international powers.<br \/>\nOn the national level, the six or seven community leaders who hold the power do not trust each other and can\u2019t win the Lebanese people\u2019s trust.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">The budget for 2019 should have been adopted before the beginning of the year, as provided for in the constitution.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>on\u2019t you believe in the commitments made at the CEDRE conference?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">The main promise made by the government at this conference is to reduce the state deficit by 5%of the GDP over five years. Since global interest rates are rising, domestic interest spreads are increasing, and the State has massively hired in 2018, I don\u2019t know who can reasonably believe that such commitments are credible.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Furthermore, if we add the cost of the investments announced at this conference, it is not by 5% of GDP that we should reduce the deficit, but by 10 or 15%.<br \/>\nThese investments are necessary, but their implementation will take several years. It is a much more distant horizon than the current situation allows us to focus on. The imminent risks should be taken into account first.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>If you were to lead a \u201cgovernment of national salvation&#8221; what measure would you first implement?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">I would make it clear to the Lebanese people that the sectarian regime of warlords and oil billionaires has come to an end. That we are able to build a secular state that gets its legitimacy not from manipulating citizens&#8217; fears or from external support, but from its ability to take into account social reality.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">It would first and foremost be a message of hope, without which no sacrifice would be justified or acceptable. People cannot be expected to sacrifice part of their income if they do not fully adhere to the proposed political project. With no political vision attempts at recovery are futile.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Everyone will be tempted to take credit while blaming others or to bet, out of despair, on miracles or chimerical solutions such as the legalization of cannabis or gas exploration.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='hr av-2929i4-777fc9eaf0f801963dab2bdf922e9490 hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_social_share '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='av-social-sharing-box av-ao6m0-3fe04660fe53d2dfce528be7b45e8fb8 av-social-sharing-box-default  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_hr  avia-builder-el-last  av-social-sharing-box-fullwidth'><div class=\"av-share-box\"><h5 class='av-share-link-description av-no-toc '>Share this entry<\/h5><ul class=\"av-share-box-list noLightbox\"><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-facebook' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on Facebook\" 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80px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-magazine-content-wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><time class='av-magazine-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"\" ><\/time><h3 class='av-magazine-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2026\/04\/21\/external-confrontation-is-first-and-foremost-internal-in-both-its-objectives-and-its-means-let-us-establish-a-state-today\/' title='Link to: EXTERNAL CONFRONTATION IS FIRST AND FOREMOST INTERNAL  IN BOTH ITS OBJECTIVES AND ITS MEANS LET US ESTABLISH A STATE TODAY.'>EXTERNAL CONFRONTATION IS FIRST AND FOREMOST INTERNAL  IN BOTH ITS OBJECTIVES AND ITS MEANS LET US ESTABLISH A STATE TODAY.<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><article class='av-magazine-entry av-magazine-entry-id-20115 av-magazine-format-standard av-magazine-type-post av-magazine-entry-2 av-magazine-entry-small '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"av-magazine-thumbnail\"><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2025\/08\/11\/all-their-arguments-are-correct-however\/' title='Link to: All their arguments are correct, however\u2026' class='av-magazine-thumbnail-link'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/bayan-9-aug-80x80.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-20105 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-20105 attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/bayan-9-aug-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/bayan-9-aug-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/bayan-9-aug-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/bayan-9-aug-120x120.jpg 120w, 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itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"av-magazine-thumbnail\"><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2022\/05\/25\/higher-education\/' title='Link to: The commodification of Higher Education From the United Kingdom to Lebanon: cases of academic challenges that unveil underlying political tragedies' class='av-magazine-thumbnail-link'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-80x80.png\" class=\"wp-image-19229 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-19229 attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-1030x1030.png 1030w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-705x705.png 705w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-24x24.png 24w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-48x48.png 48w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-magazine-content-wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><time class='av-magazine-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"\" ><\/time><h3 class='av-magazine-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2022\/05\/25\/higher-education\/' title='Link to: The commodification of Higher Education From the United Kingdom to Lebanon: cases of academic challenges that unveil underlying political tragedies'>The commodification of Higher Education From the United Kingdom to Lebanon: cases of academic challenges that unveil underlying political tragedies<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><article class='av-magazine-entry av-magazine-entry-id-19072 av-magazine-format-standard av-magazine-type-post av-magazine-entry-4 av-magazine-entry-small '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"av-magazine-thumbnail\"><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2022\/04\/25\/19060\/' title='Link to: Death Boats: The Sectarian Regime\u2019s Most Salient Gifts' class='av-magazine-thumbnail-link'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-80x80.png\" class=\"wp-image-19077 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-19077 attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-1030x1030.png 1030w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-705x705.png 705w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-24x24.png 24w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-48x48.png 48w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-magazine-content-wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><time class='av-magazine-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"\" ><\/time><h3 class='av-magazine-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2022\/04\/25\/19060\/' title='Link to: Death Boats: The Sectarian Regime\u2019s Most Salient Gifts'>Death Boats: The Sectarian Regime\u2019s Most Salient Gifts<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><article class='av-magazine-entry av-magazine-entry-id-18986 av-magazine-format-standard av-magazine-type-post av-magazine-entry-5 av-magazine-entry-small '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"av-magazine-thumbnail\"><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2022\/04\/15\/18986\/' title='Link to: Another Opportunity for Lebanon' class='av-magazine-thumbnail-link'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Another_Opportunity_for_Lebanon_Web-80x80.png\" class=\"wp-image-18987 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-18987 attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Another_Opportunity_for_Lebanon_Web-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Another_Opportunity_for_Lebanon_Web-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Another_Opportunity_for_Lebanon_Web-1030x1030.png 1030w, 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100vw, 80px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-magazine-content-wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><time class='av-magazine-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"\" ><\/time><h3 class='av-magazine-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2022\/04\/15\/18986\/' title='Link to: Another Opportunity for Lebanon'>Another Opportunity for Lebanon<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><article class='av-magazine-entry av-magazine-entry-id-16927 av-magazine-format-standard av-magazine-type-post av-magazine-entry-6 av-magazine-entry-small '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"av-magazine-thumbnail\"><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2021\/08\/12\/subsidies\/' title='Link to: All that is happening today is not preordained destiny, as it could have been avoided' class='av-magazine-thumbnail-link'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-80x80.png\" class=\"wp-image-16864 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-16864 attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-1030x1030.png 1030w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-705x705.png 705w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-24x24.png 24w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-48x48.png 48w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-magazine-content-wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><time class='av-magazine-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"\" ><\/time><h3 class='av-magazine-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2021\/08\/12\/subsidies\/' title='Link to: All that is happening today is not preordained destiny, as it could have been avoided'>All that is happening today is not preordained destiny, as it could have been avoided<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><\/div><div class='av-magazine-group av-hidden-mag sort_147'><article class='av-magazine-entry av-magazine-entry-id-20271 av-magazine-format-standard av-magazine-type-post av-magazine-entry-1 av-magazine-entry-small '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"av-magazine-thumbnail\"><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2026\/04\/21\/external-confrontation-is-first-and-foremost-internal-in-both-its-objectives-and-its-means-let-us-establish-a-state-today\/' title='Link to: EXTERNAL CONFRONTATION IS FIRST AND FOREMOST INTERNAL  IN BOTH ITS OBJECTIVES AND ITS MEANS LET US ESTABLISH A STATE TODAY.' class='av-magazine-thumbnail-link'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/13-apr-2026-.jpg-80x80.jpeg\" class=\"wp-image-20250 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-20250 attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/13-apr-2026-.jpg-80x80.jpeg 80w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/13-apr-2026-.jpg-36x36.jpeg 36w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/13-apr-2026-.jpg-180x180.jpeg 180w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/13-apr-2026-.jpg-120x120.jpeg 120w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/13-apr-2026-.jpg-450x450.jpeg 450w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/13-apr-2026-.jpg-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/13-apr-2026-.jpg-100x100.jpeg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-magazine-content-wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><time class='av-magazine-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"\" ><\/time><h3 class='av-magazine-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2026\/04\/21\/external-confrontation-is-first-and-foremost-internal-in-both-its-objectives-and-its-means-let-us-establish-a-state-today\/' title='Link to: EXTERNAL CONFRONTATION IS FIRST AND FOREMOST INTERNAL  IN BOTH ITS OBJECTIVES AND ITS MEANS LET US ESTABLISH A STATE TODAY.'>EXTERNAL CONFRONTATION IS FIRST AND FOREMOST INTERNAL  IN BOTH ITS OBJECTIVES AND ITS MEANS LET US ESTABLISH A STATE TODAY.<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><article class='av-magazine-entry av-magazine-entry-id-20115 av-magazine-format-standard av-magazine-type-post av-magazine-entry-2 av-magazine-entry-small '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"av-magazine-thumbnail\"><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2025\/08\/11\/all-their-arguments-are-correct-however\/' title='Link to: All their arguments are correct, however\u2026' class='av-magazine-thumbnail-link'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/bayan-9-aug-80x80.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-20105 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-20105 attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/bayan-9-aug-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/bayan-9-aug-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/bayan-9-aug-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/bayan-9-aug-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/bayan-9-aug-450x450.jpg 450w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/bayan-9-aug-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/bayan-9-aug-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-magazine-content-wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><time class='av-magazine-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"\" ><\/time><h3 class='av-magazine-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2025\/08\/11\/all-their-arguments-are-correct-however\/' title='Link to: All their arguments are correct, however\u2026'>All their arguments are correct, however\u2026<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><article class='av-magazine-entry av-magazine-entry-id-19223 av-magazine-format-standard av-magazine-type-post av-magazine-entry-3 av-magazine-entry-small '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"av-magazine-thumbnail\"><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2022\/05\/25\/higher-education\/' title='Link to: The commodification of Higher Education From the United Kingdom to Lebanon: cases of academic challenges that unveil underlying political tragedies' class='av-magazine-thumbnail-link'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-80x80.png\" class=\"wp-image-19229 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-19229 attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-1030x1030.png 1030w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-705x705.png 705w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-24x24.png 24w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha-48x48.png 48w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/web-yasha.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-magazine-content-wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><time class='av-magazine-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"\" ><\/time><h3 class='av-magazine-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2022\/05\/25\/higher-education\/' title='Link to: The commodification of Higher Education From the United Kingdom to Lebanon: cases of academic challenges that unveil underlying political tragedies'>The commodification of Higher Education From the United Kingdom to Lebanon: cases of academic challenges that unveil underlying political tragedies<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><article class='av-magazine-entry av-magazine-entry-id-19072 av-magazine-format-standard av-magazine-type-post av-magazine-entry-4 av-magazine-entry-small '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"av-magazine-thumbnail\"><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2022\/04\/25\/19060\/' title='Link to: Death Boats: The Sectarian Regime\u2019s Most Salient Gifts' class='av-magazine-thumbnail-link'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-80x80.png\" class=\"wp-image-19077 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-19077 attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-1030x1030.png 1030w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-705x705.png 705w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-24x24.png 24w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN-48x48.png 48w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statments_EN.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-magazine-content-wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><time class='av-magazine-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"\" ><\/time><h3 class='av-magazine-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2022\/04\/25\/19060\/' title='Link to: Death Boats: The Sectarian Regime\u2019s Most Salient Gifts'>Death Boats: The Sectarian Regime\u2019s Most Salient Gifts<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><article class='av-magazine-entry av-magazine-entry-id-18986 av-magazine-format-standard av-magazine-type-post av-magazine-entry-5 av-magazine-entry-small '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"av-magazine-thumbnail\"><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2022\/04\/15\/18986\/' title='Link to: Another Opportunity for Lebanon' class='av-magazine-thumbnail-link'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Another_Opportunity_for_Lebanon_Web-80x80.png\" class=\"wp-image-18987 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-18987 attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Another_Opportunity_for_Lebanon_Web-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Another_Opportunity_for_Lebanon_Web-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Another_Opportunity_for_Lebanon_Web-1030x1030.png 1030w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Another_Opportunity_for_Lebanon_Web-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Another_Opportunity_for_Lebanon_Web-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Another_Opportunity_for_Lebanon_Web-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Another_Opportunity_for_Lebanon_Web-705x705.png 705w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Another_Opportunity_for_Lebanon_Web-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Another_Opportunity_for_Lebanon_Web-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Another_Opportunity_for_Lebanon_Web-24x24.png 24w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Another_Opportunity_for_Lebanon_Web-48x48.png 48w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Another_Opportunity_for_Lebanon_Web.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-magazine-content-wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><time class='av-magazine-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"\" ><\/time><h3 class='av-magazine-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2022\/04\/15\/18986\/' title='Link to: Another Opportunity for Lebanon'>Another Opportunity for Lebanon<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><article class='av-magazine-entry av-magazine-entry-id-16297 av-magazine-format-standard av-magazine-type-post av-magazine-entry-6 av-magazine-entry-small '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"av-magazine-thumbnail\"><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2021\/07\/02\/the-union-uprising\/' title='Link to: The union uprising' class='av-magazine-thumbnail-link'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629-\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0636-\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-Web\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646-80x80.png\" class=\"wp-image-16290 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-16290 attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629-\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0636-\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-Web\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629-\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0636-\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-Web\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629-\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0636-\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-Web\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646-1030x1030.png 1030w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629-\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0636-\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-Web\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629-\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0636-\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-Web\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629-\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0636-\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-Web\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629-\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0636-\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-Web\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646-705x705.png 705w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629-\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0636-\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-Web\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629-\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0636-\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-Web\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629-\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0636-\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-Web\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646-24x24.png 24w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629-\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0636-\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-Web\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646-48x48.png 48w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629-\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0636-\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-Web\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-magazine-content-wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><time class='av-magazine-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"\" ><\/time><h3 class='av-magazine-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2021\/07\/02\/the-union-uprising\/' title='Link to: The union uprising'>The union uprising<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><\/div><div class='av-magazine-group av-hidden-mag sort_152'><article class='av-magazine-entry av-magazine-entry-id-16927 av-magazine-format-standard av-magazine-type-post av-magazine-entry-1 av-magazine-entry-small '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"av-magazine-thumbnail\"><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2021\/08\/12\/subsidies\/' title='Link to: All that is happening today is not preordained destiny, as it could have been avoided' class='av-magazine-thumbnail-link'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-80x80.png\" class=\"wp-image-16864 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-16864 attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-1030x1030.png 1030w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-705x705.png 705w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-24x24.png 24w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web-48x48.png 48w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bayen-web.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-magazine-content-wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><time class='av-magazine-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"\" ><\/time><h3 class='av-magazine-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2021\/08\/12\/subsidies\/' title='Link to: All that is happening today is not preordained destiny, as it could have been avoided'>All that is happening today is not preordained destiny, as it could have been avoided<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><article class='av-magazine-entry av-magazine-entry-id-16650 av-magazine-format-standard av-magazine-type-post av-magazine-entry-2 av-magazine-entry-small '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"av-magazine-thumbnail\"><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2021\/07\/26\/assigning-mikati\/' title='Link to: The Good Tidings of Assigning Mikati' class='av-magazine-thumbnail-link'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/web-2-1-1-80x80.png\" class=\"wp-image-16623 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-16623 attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/web-2-1-1-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/web-2-1-1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/web-2-1-1-1030x1030.png 1030w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/web-2-1-1-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/web-2-1-1-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/web-2-1-1-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/web-2-1-1-705x705.png 705w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/web-2-1-1-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/web-2-1-1-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/web-2-1-1-24x24.png 24w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/web-2-1-1-48x48.png 48w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/web-2-1-1.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-magazine-content-wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><time class='av-magazine-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"\" ><\/time><h3 class='av-magazine-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2021\/07\/26\/assigning-mikati\/' title='Link to: The Good Tidings of Assigning Mikati'>The Good Tidings of Assigning Mikati<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><article class='av-magazine-entry av-magazine-entry-id-16660 av-magazine-format-standard av-magazine-type-post av-magazine-entry-3 av-magazine-entry-small '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"av-magazine-thumbnail\"><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2021\/07\/22\/4-august-2\/' title='Link to: August 4 is a day of remembrance and all days are days of struggle' class='av-magazine-thumbnail-link'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/4-aug-pic-web-80x80.png\" class=\"wp-image-16635 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-16635 attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/4-aug-pic-web-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/4-aug-pic-web-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/4-aug-pic-web-1030x1030.png 1030w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/4-aug-pic-web-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/4-aug-pic-web-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/4-aug-pic-web-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/4-aug-pic-web-705x705.png 705w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/4-aug-pic-web-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/4-aug-pic-web-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/4-aug-pic-web-24x24.png 24w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/4-aug-pic-web-48x48.png 48w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/4-aug-pic-web.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-magazine-content-wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><time class='av-magazine-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"\" ><\/time><h3 class='av-magazine-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2021\/07\/22\/4-august-2\/' title='Link to: August 4 is a day of remembrance and all days are days of struggle'>August 4 is a day of remembrance and all days are days of struggle<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><article class='av-magazine-entry av-magazine-entry-id-16693 av-magazine-format-standard av-magazine-type-post av-magazine-entry-4 av-magazine-entry-small '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"av-magazine-thumbnail\"><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2021\/07\/16\/4-august\/' title='Link to: There can be no immunity for an incompetent and illegitimate authority' class='av-magazine-thumbnail-link'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Web-4-aug-80x80.png\" class=\"wp-image-16424 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-16424 attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Web-4-aug-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Web-4-aug-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Web-4-aug-1030x1030.png 1030w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Web-4-aug-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Web-4-aug-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Web-4-aug-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Web-4-aug-705x705.png 705w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Web-4-aug-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Web-4-aug-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Web-4-aug-24x24.png 24w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Web-4-aug-48x48.png 48w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Web-4-aug.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-magazine-content-wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><time class='av-magazine-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"\" ><\/time><h3 class='av-magazine-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2021\/07\/16\/4-august\/' title='Link to: There can be no immunity for an incompetent and illegitimate authority'>There can be no immunity for an incompetent and illegitimate authority<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><article class='av-magazine-entry av-magazine-entry-id-16216 av-magazine-format-standard av-magazine-type-post av-magazine-entry-5 av-magazine-entry-small '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"av-magazine-thumbnail\"><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2021\/06\/28\/lebanons-gold\/' title='Link to: POLITICAL STATEMENT REGARDING LEBANON\u2019S GOLD' class='av-magazine-thumbnail-link'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/For-Web-1-80x80.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-16211 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-16211 attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/For-Web-1-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/For-Web-1-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/For-Web-1-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/For-Web-1-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/For-Web-1-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-magazine-content-wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><time class='av-magazine-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"\" ><\/time><h3 class='av-magazine-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2021\/06\/28\/lebanons-gold\/' title='Link to: POLITICAL STATEMENT REGARDING LEBANON\u2019S GOLD'>POLITICAL STATEMENT REGARDING LEBANON\u2019S GOLD<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><article class='av-magazine-entry av-magazine-entry-id-15786 av-magazine-format-standard av-magazine-type-post av-magazine-entry-6 av-magazine-entry-small '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"av-magazine-thumbnail\"><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/en\/2021\/05\/18\/one-civil-state-in-all-of-palestine\/' title='Link to: One Civil State in All of Palestine' 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