{"id":8233,"date":"2019-12-01T08:54:59","date_gmt":"2019-12-01T06:54:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/?p=8233"},"modified":"2019-12-01T10:35:18","modified_gmt":"2019-12-01T08:35:18","slug":"political-transition-03","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/fr\/2019\/12\/01\/political-transition-03\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019\u00c9tat, comme instrument et comme besoin"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-7u771m-9308af1469d4efaf1e865dc9df25ddc3\">\n.flex_column.av-7u771m-9308af1469d4efaf1e865dc9df25ddc3{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-7u771m-9308af1469d4efaf1e865dc9df25ddc3 av_three_fourth  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><p><div  class='avia-button-wrap av-k36w1h83-dcba11050806eba78360c0ef0b3d6691-wrap avia-button-center  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/fr\/2019\/11\/20\/political-transition-02\/'  class='avia-button av-k36w1h83-dcba11050806eba78360c0ef0b3d6691 avia-icon_select-yes-right-icon avia-size-small avia-position-center avia-color-theme-color'  ><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Retour<\/span><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_right' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue870' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><\/a><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='hr av-3zyk78-0e95109a99663f06e726d2f453c19b42 hr-default  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_button  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-k35uqa9y-87af69f32707c211af31220526476f74 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2>L\u2019\u00c9tat, comme instrument et comme besoin<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-k35uqycz-0b526f25c01c044467df37836bb01be4 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Quel est cet \u00c9tat\u00a0? Et comment aura-t-il la capacit\u00e9 et la force d\u2019assumer un h\u00e9ritage particuli\u00e8rement lourd\u00a0: \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur, la faillite et la d\u00e9composition sociale int\u00e9rieure\u00a0; \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur, les paris hasardeux, les complots et les agressions diverses\u00a0?<\/p>\n<p>Que signifie pour nous un \u00c9tat fort\u00a0? Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un \u00c9tat qui d\u00e9tient la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 suffisante aux yeux de ses citoyens et de ses citoyennes pour pouvoir mobiliser leurs ressources sans faire peser sur eux le co\u00fbt des h\u00e9sitations, du repli, de la corruption ou de la r\u00e9pression.<\/p>\n<p>Comment un \u00c9tat fort na\u00eet-il\u00a0? L\u00e0 encore, la r\u00e9ponse ne peut \u00eatre ni doctrinaire ni id\u00e9ologique. Elle doit s\u2019appuyer sur des faits et des besoins.<\/p>\n<p>Dans un pays dont la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 serait unie autour d\u2019une doctrine nationale\u00a0; ou encore dans un pays dont la majorit\u00e9 de la population se reconna\u00eetrait dans une m\u00eame religion\u00a0; ou enfin dans un pays dont l\u2019arm\u00e9e serait soud\u00e9e par un esprit de corps puissant, il serait possible pour l\u2019\u00c9tat de tirer sa l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 du nationalisme, de la religion ou de l\u2019arm\u00e9e. Nous en avons plusieurs illustrations autour de nous. En revanche, la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 de notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ne permet pas de fonder la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9tat sur de telles bases. La la\u00efcit\u00e9 est, pour des raisons fonctionnelles, la seule possibilit\u00e9 pour le Liban d\u2019\u00e9tablir la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la constitution d\u2019un \u00c9tat fort. L\u2019\u00c9tat la\u00efque est l\u2019oppos\u00e9 exact de la coalition de groupes ou de composants communautaires.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Que ferait cet \u00c9tat et quelle prise aurait-il sur la r\u00e9alit\u00e9\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tentons de r\u00e9pondre simplement \u00e0 cette question en \u00e9vitant les \u00e9cueils de la th\u00e9orisation excessive ou de la complexit\u00e9 des d\u00e9tails techniques.<\/p>\n<p>Nous voulons un gouvernement en mesure d\u2019assumer un h\u00e9ritage empoisonn\u00e9 et de piloter la phase de transition dans laquelle nous sommes \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent entr\u00e9s, mais dans laquelle nous nous d\u00e9battons en naviguant sans direction. La gestion de cette phase doit r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des objectifs clairs. C\u2019est pourquoi le gouvernement doit \u00eatre dot\u00e9 de pouvoirs l\u00e9gislatifs exceptionnels pour une p\u00e9riode de 18 mois afin d\u2019avoir prise sur les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s, ainsi que sur l\u2019h\u00e9ritage empoisonn\u00e9 qui nous est laiss\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Quel sera son programme\u00a0?<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='av-buildercomment av-3abuiu-9cc78365e86abbfe6a5599453d37289d'><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='hr av-a6w04-b060aa413bf42771b2ee5dd36471dbd9 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_comments_list  el_before_av_button '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-k36w24e3-8f12c48a526b1d387ea413608bebc0ee-wrap avia-button-center  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr '><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/fr\/2019\/11\/20\/political-transition-04\/'  class='avia-button av-k36w24e3-8f12c48a526b1d387ea413608bebc0ee avia-icon_select-yes-right-icon avia-size-small 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