{"id":9733,"date":"2020-07-24T12:30:52","date_gmt":"2020-07-24T09:30:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/2020\/07\/24\/cn-humanite\/"},"modified":"2020-07-24T12:31:20","modified_gmt":"2020-07-24T09:31:20","slug":"cn-humanite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/fr\/2020\/07\/24\/cn-humanite\/","title":{"rendered":"Charbel Nahas : \u00ab Il existe une alternative face au communautarisme \u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4qhcvh-39b5c39c192e9822cc2af8d23396cadb\">\n.flex_column.av-4qhcvh-39b5c39c192e9822cc2af8d23396cadb{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-4qhcvh-39b5c39c192e9822cc2af8d23396cadb av_three_fourth  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-jo02aj9o-c747e19ade06532efadb9eaf2e11a914 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h1 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Charbel Nahas : \u00ab Il existe une\u00a0alternative face au communautarisme \u00bb<\/h1>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='hr av-36ctod-04a0923b74485b06d58a63d634bda0b4 hr-default  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jpa4dlb3-7f844daeec652e2e27d9eba858697598 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Entretien r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par Pierre Barbancey publi\u00e9 dans l&rsquo;Humanit\u00e9 le\u00a0Vendredi 24 Juillet 2020 sur le lien <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanite.fr\/liban-charbel-nahas-il-existe-une-alternative-face-au-communautarisme-691825\">suivant<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Homme politique aux fortes convictions de gauche, Charbel Nahas appelle le pouvoir en place \u00e0 prendre ses responsabilit\u00e9s pour \u00e9viter l\u2019\u00e9mergence de la violence. Il anime mouvement Citoyens et citoyennes dans un \u00c9tat.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Charbel Nahas est \u00c9conomiste et polytechnicien.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>La France serait-elle la solution pour le Liban, avec cette visite de Jean- Yves Le Drian?<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Charbel Nahas <\/strong>Au Liban, il n\u2019y a pas d\u2019\u00c9tat. C\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019il n\u2019y a pas de capacit\u00e9 de prise de d\u00e9cision politique, que ce soit dans les relations ext\u00e9rieures ou dans les choix de politique interne. Il y a un magma qui avait plus ou moins fonctionn\u00e9 quand, \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur, les\u00a0 di\ufb00\u00e9rents\u00a0acteurs \u00e9tatiques (\u00c9tats-Unis, Syrie, Arabie saoudite, etc.) \u00e9taient plus\u00a0 ou moins d\u2019accord. Mais \u00e7a ne marche plus. Il y a un condominium de six chefs de communaut\u00e9 qui ont chacun une conscience parcellis\u00e9e de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, qui s\u2019occupent de ce qu\u2019ils appellent \u00ableurs gens\u00bb et ont des connexions plus ou moins solides avec des acteurs externes. Donc, la probl\u00e9matique n\u2019est pas la France et le Liban.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Comment caract\u00e9risez-vous la situation \u00e9conomique du Liban?<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Charbel Nahas <\/strong>Le Liban est le pays o\u00f9 la financiarisation a atteint des niveaux tr\u00e8s avanc\u00e9s. Non seulement nous avons l\u2019illusion financi\u00e8re mais nous avions l\u2019illusion mon\u00e9taire d\u2019un pseudo-dollar libanais. On assiste \u00e0 un e\ufb00ondrement de tout cela, avec \u00e9videmment une perte de l\u2019\u00e9pargne et une perte des revenus, mais aussi une incapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 avoir une unit\u00e9 de compte qui est la monnaie et donc un blocage de tous les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques. C\u2019est un cas extr\u00eame mais int\u00e9ressant pour \u00a0qui veut regarder ce qui se passe dans le monde.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00c0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la financiarisation, le Liban repr\u00e9sente un d\u00e9veloppement amplifi\u00e9 du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne communautaire. On voit pousser ces ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes communautaires un peu partout, sous des formes\u00a0 diverses, de racisme ou autre. Au Liban, le communautarisme s\u2019est\u00a0install\u00e9 solidement durant la guerre civile et il a \u00e9t\u00e9 institutionnalis\u00e9 depuis. Il y a des institutions politiques qui chacune tire sa l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 d\u2019une partie de la population en ignorant compl\u00e8tement le reste de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Elles se trouvent dans l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 de prendre une quelconque d\u00e9cision parce qu\u2019elles n\u2019ont pas prise sur la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Il n\u2019y a pas, au Liban, de gens qui viennent dire que, devant la faillite, il faut donner aux banques tous les biens publics ou, \u00e0 l\u2019inverse, il faut nationaliser les banques. Parce que cela entra\u00eenera des choix au niveau des d\u00e9posants, des employ\u00e9s, des d\u00e9biteurs, des cr\u00e9diteurs. Et ces institutions communautaires ne se d\u00e9finissent pas ainsi. Elles se composent de riches, de pauvres, de banquiers, et donc aucune de ces institutions n\u2019a jamais formul\u00e9 une position et ne peut formuler une position sur un\u00a0 sujet. Ainsi, toute la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 va \u00e0 la d\u00e9rive. Ce couple form\u00e9 par\u00a0 l\u2019extr\u00eame financiarisation et l\u2019extr\u00eame communautarisme fait du Liban\u00a0\u00a0 un laboratoire.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Je pense que le combat que nous menons a une port\u00e9e domestique, r\u00e9gionale et pointe des enjeux qui touchent le monde entier.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>La visite de Jean-Yves Le Drian peut-elle changer quelque chose?<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Charbel Nahas <\/strong>Il existe des relations historiques entre le Liban et la France, \u00e9conomiques, culturelles\u2026 La France d\u00e9veloppe une politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re o\u00f9 l\u2019enjeu m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en p\u00e8se. De ce fait, d\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9 comme de l\u2019autre, il y a un int\u00e9r\u00eat particulier. C\u2019est un atout \u00e0 ne pas d\u00e9daigner quand on est un petit pays. Mais le probl\u00e8me est que la politique fran\u00e7aise depuis au moins trente ans a consist\u00e9 essentiellement \u00e0 soutenir le r\u00e9gime communautaire. Ce qui a produit une prolongation de la dur\u00e9e de vie de ce syst\u00e8me qui est un syst\u00e8me essentiellement destructeur : il produit une \u00e9migration massive, accumule des dettes et, surtout, d\u00e9moralise compl\u00e8tement la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Il y a une ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 fondamentale. D\u2019abord, un int\u00e9r\u00eat r\u00e9ciproque compr\u00e9hensible mais ensuite, un soutien syst\u00e9mique allou\u00e9 \u00e0 ce syst\u00e8me par les di\ufb00\u00e9rents gouvernements fran\u00e7ais. Or, c\u2019est une calamit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Ce qui se passe place la France devant un choix s\u00e9rieux. Soit elle continue \u00e0 soutenir cette bande d\u2019incapables qui pratiquent de facto \u00a0une politique r\u00e9ellement criminelle. Soit elle prend acte que cette bande a perdu tout moyen d\u2019influer sur la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 et qu\u2019il faut traiter avec l\u2019alternative, qui consiste \u00e0 \u00e9tablir un \u00c9tat la\u00efque, le premier dans la r\u00e9gion, face \u00e0 tous les \u00c9tats racistes, religieux, \u00e0 commencer par Isra\u00ebl. Ce qui aurait une port\u00e9e autrement plus importante que la poursuite du soutien \u00e0 des incapables. Bien que Le Drian ait fait quelques\u00a0remarques, on assiste pour l\u2019instant \u00e0 la poursuite de ce soutien par la France. J\u2019esp\u00e8re que \u00e7a changera.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Qui, au Liban, est porteur de ces solutions nouvelles?<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Charbel Nahas <\/strong>La contestation de cet \u00e9tat de fait n\u2019a pas cess\u00e9 durant ces trente derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Mais tant qu\u2019il y avait de quoi distribuer \u00e0 droite ou \u00e0 gauche, c\u2019est ce qu\u2019on appelle la corruption, l\u2019opposition\u00a0 \u00e9tait faible. Nous avons pass\u00e9 notre vie \u00e0 essayer de la faire grandir. Mais ce qui s\u2019est pass\u00e9 fin 2019 n\u2019est pas une crise financi\u00e8re. C\u2019est l\u2019e\ufb00ondrement d\u2019un syst\u00e8me politique. Une dynamique nouvelle a d\u00e9marr\u00e9. Elle est plus lente que ce que nous esp\u00e9rions. Elle consiste \u00e0 formuler un projet de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement alternatif. Progressivement des choses se coalisent. Nous-m\u00eames, Citoyens et citoyennes dans\u00a0 un\u00a0 \u00c9tat, en faisons partie. Nous avons m\u00eame \u00e9t\u00e9 rejoints par l\u2019essentiel des retrait\u00e9s de l\u2019arm\u00e9e, ce qui est un \u00e9v\u00e9nement majeur non seulement par leur nombre mais par ce qu\u2019ils repr\u00e9sentent dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Il y a aussi des partis la\u00efques, de gauche\u2026 Les choses bougent. C\u2019est la mont\u00e9e \u00a0en force de ce projet alternatif face \u00e0 la stagnation. Nous sommes \u00e0 un moment extr\u00eamement grave.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Comment la g\u00e9opolitique r\u00e9gionale pourrait-elle interf\u00e9rer?<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Charbel Nahas <\/strong>Les chefs communautaires ont tous leur regard braqu\u00e9 sur les n\u00e9gociations et a\ufb00rontements existants. Mais le Liban n\u2019\u00e9tant\u00a0 pas un \u00c9tat n\u2019est pas assis \u00e0 la table des vraies n\u00e9gociations et risque fort d\u2019\u00eatre plut\u00f4t un morceau de g\u00e2teau que les vrais n\u00e9gociateurs &#8211; essentiellement am\u00e9ricains et iraniens &#8211; vont se partager avec une issue qui est absolument inconnue pour tous les acteurs locaux. Il serait heureux que la France ose se d\u00e9marquer de tout \u00e7a.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='av-buildercomment av-av_comments_list-efc336e1980f90400772811f3c75511f'><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='hr av-2929i4-777fc9eaf0f801963dab2bdf922e9490 hr-default  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_comments_list  el_before_av_social_share '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='av-social-sharing-box av-ao6m0-3fe04660fe53d2dfce528be7b45e8fb8 av-social-sharing-box-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_hr  avia-builder-el-last  av-social-sharing-box-fullwidth'><div class=\"av-share-box\"><h5 class='av-share-link-description av-no-toc '>Share this entry<\/h5><ul class=\"av-share-box-list noLightbox\"><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-facebook' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Partager sur Facebook\" 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datetime=\"\" ><\/time><h3 class='av-magazine-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/fr\/2024\/01\/17\/une-etude-inedite-alerte-sur-un-changement-drastique-du-tissu-demographique-libanais\/' title='Lier vers : Une \u00e9tude in\u00e9dite alerte sur un \u00ab\u00a0changement drastique du tissu d\u00e9mographique libanais\u00a0\u00bb'>Une \u00e9tude in\u00e9dite alerte sur un \u00ab\u00a0changement drastique du tissu d\u00e9mographique libanais\u00a0\u00bb<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><article class='av-magazine-entry av-magazine-entry-id-19317 av-magazine-format-standard av-magazine-type-post av-magazine-entry-3 av-magazine-entry-small '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"av-magazine-thumbnail\"><a href='https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/fr\/2022\/10\/31\/tes\/' title='Lier vers : La d\u00e9faite appelle la r\u00e9sistance' 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attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Article-web-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Article-web-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Article-web-1030x1030.png 1030w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Article-web-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Article-web-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Article-web-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Article-web-705x705.png 705w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Article-web-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Article-web-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/mmfidawla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Article-web-24x24.png 24w, 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